Other Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Other - Essay Example They can likewise assist individuals with consuming less calories in an appropriate way and aid loss of weight, while staying in shape. Postulation: American ‘super foods’ just as an enormous number of products of the soil that are created in America are great for wellbeing and can really help individuals in their wellness systems and to keep up a sound way of life. Step by step, an ever increasing number of Americans are getting cognizant about their wellbeing and dietary propensities. They are taking to sustenance on account of the wild stoutness world over, particularly in America, due to the shoddy nourishment culture. Despite the fact that an enormous number of individuals despite everything have helpless dietary patterns and have taken to expending low quality nourishment or inexpensive food regularly, there are individuals spreading mindfulness with respect to the significance of appropriate living. Magazines, papers, television programs, the radio, just as numerous contemporary movies and books being made and written in the US have been advancing smart dieting and a solid way of life, with the assistance of American nourishments itself. In addition, eating low quality nourishment isn't too awful whenever expended in a controlled way. Numerous American guardians have started to lay accentuation on guaranteeing that their youngsters get a sound eating routine. Schools in the nation have additionally started to advocate solid nourishments and plates of mixed greens as a component of their wreckage or cafeterias and have started to preclude the utilization of soda pops and quick nourishments so as to assist understudies with understanding that a high healthy benefit is substantially more significant than expending something that may appear to be delicious yet comprises of a high number of calroies. As for products of the soil, there are nourishments like blueberries, pumpkin seeds, avocados, yams and so on that are created in America in high amounts. (Mitzweich, John) These nourishments are exceptionally wealthy in sustenances and help individuals in overral advancement of their bodies. Also, salmon is delivered in the nation and offered to a lot of family units too;

Connections between 4 texts Essay

I have been reading four writings for this report, â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee, â€Å"A Party Down at the Square† by Ralph Waldo Elison, â€Å"Mississipi Burning† by Alan Parker and â€Å"Green Mile† coordinated by the renowned Frank Darabont. Every one of these writings show associations and have likenesses to assist us with exploring key people or gathering of individuals or the equity framework shows supremacist mentality. They can do this verbally, truly or choosing not to see. Verbally implies utilizing defamatory language towards Black American. Physical methods utilizing savagery to cause themselves to feel predominant. Equity framework implying that there is no reasonable legitimate preliminary. Choosing to disregard implies observer impact that is influenced by this. â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird† by Harper Lee is set in an anecdotal town of Maycomb, Alabama during 1930’s. It diagrams the humble community life of a youthful white young lady, Scout, living in a profoundly isolated society. Her dad, Atticus, is an attorney, is given an assignment of speaking to Tom Robinson. He is a youthful dark man who is erroneously blamed for assaulting a white lady, Mayella Ewell. Her dad Bob Ewell, embarrassed and pledges retribution. He spits at Atticus’ face attempted to get into the appointed authorities house and stalks the judges’ spouse and had a go at harming Jem and Scout during the Halloween expo. During this time Atticus was known as a â€Å"nigger lover† by Bob Ewell and the townspeople he despite everything kept his head high and did all the better he can do to protect Tom Robinson. The short story â€Å"A Party Down at the Square† is the account of a kid who observes lynching. The little youngster is at his uncles some place Deep South when a lot of men hollering there will be a gathering down at the square. The peruser then understands that the gathering comprises of a lynching of a youthful dark man. The entire town is going to aside from obviously the dark network and everybody is shouting for energy. With a tempest creating turmoil, a plane crashes through electrical cables however effectively land close to the town square. A young lady gets shocked and passes on immediately. Notwithstanding the disarray of the tempest and the smashed plane, the horde transforms into center backâ on the youthful dark man who is getting copied to death. At the point when the dark man approaches respectfully for a speedy passing, Jed Wilson who is the pioneer rejects saying â€Å"ain’t no Christians here today, we’re only 100% Americans.† The dark man consumes to death. After the occasions the little fellow becomes sick making him be ridiculed by southern family members. Later at a general store, a white tenant farmer talks about lynching.The towns individuals just instructed him to quiet down. â€Å"Mississippi Burning† coordinated by Alan Parker, is a film dependent on a genuine tale around one dark and two white social equality activists vanished close to Philadelphia, Mississippi on June 21st 1964. The three activists, all things considered, James Chavey, Andrew Goodman, Michael Schwerner yet there were not named in the film are driving, followed by a few vehicles. At the point when they halted they are killed and their bodies covered up by a nib if white men who are associated with the KKK, Ku Klux Klan, Later the FBI went up to determine this issue. Operator Anderson and Agent Ward, these specialists are from Washington who utilizes vicious and to some degree not brutal techniques to explore who the killers are. The movie â€Å"Green Mile† coordinated by Frank Darabont is set in 1930 in jail, death row. Paul Edgecomb is marginally skeptical veteran jail watch waiting for capital punishment. His confidence and mental soundness is disintegrated by watching mean live amazing. His life totally convoluted, disposition changed when John Coffey, a seven feet tall dark man, who’s hands are a size of waffle irons showed up in his jail. John Coffey is large and everything except he is extremely passionate and modest and who fears the dull. This gives us that when he found the two white young ladies shrouded in blood in the forested areas. He was so stunned of what occurred, he started to hold them and began crying since he couldn’t accept what occurred. He was then blamed for killing these young ladies without any inquiries posed to was sent to death row. Edgecomb, Brotus the thoughtful gatekeeper, and Percy, a stood up unreasonable and savage individual going on a peculiar ride t hat includes astute mice, severe executions and disclosure about John Coffey’s honesty and genuine character. In To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, A key person that shows hisâ racist mentality is Bob Ewell. Bounce Ewell is a lush and an abuser who is disdained by the entire network and likely his family too. He is a bastard white refuse who lives in the landfill simply outside the town. He shows his supremacist mentality by considering the dark network a â€Å"nigger nest† additionally he considered Atticus a â€Å"nigger lover† for safeguarding Tom Robinson. Bounce Ewell has no regard for himself and no regard for other people. At the point when the legal advisor protecting Mayella solicits, â€Å"Are you the dad of Mayella Ewell?† Bob reacts, â€Å"Well, on the off chance that I ain’t one, can’t fail to address it now, her Ma’s dead.† Bobs position is to be the opponent to everybody. His reaction isn't just an impolite endeavor to intrigue others by making a joke it additionally implies what he sees about ladies by and large, liars and miscreants whose passings are to be chuckled about. After the preliminary Bob wasn’t fulfilled about the sentence of Tom Robinson, so for retribution he spits at Atticus’ face, follows the judges’ spouse and attempted to murder Jem and Scout. Sway had a sample of intensity. In his brain the entire town thinks he’s a saint, he’s predominant actually the network discovered that he is a liar and treats his family terrible. The townspeople just instructed him to return to the landfill where he has a place. Harper Lee reveals to us that prejudice and sexism is the main way Bob can feel better than anyone. No white man in the Maycomb people group who isn't about Ewell heirachy. So he puts individuals who are underneath him, Black Americans and ladies. Another key person who shows their bigot mentality is in the short story â€Å"A Party Down at the Square† by Ralph Waldo Elison, the character called Jed Wilson. Jed shows his bigot mentality when he â€Å"tied and hauled the nigger to the rear of Jed Wilsons truck.† HE is likewise the pioneer of the eating crowd that is going to consume the youthful dark man to death. Jed hollered â€Å"What you state there, nigger?† and it returned through the blazes in his nigger voice â€Å"Will someone cut my throat like a Christian?† and Jed reacted â€Å"sorry , however ain’t no Christians around today around evening time. Ain’t no Jew young men either. We’re only 100% Americans.† This gives me that he isn't just bigot, it additionally mentions to us what his strict convictions are and that he doesn't need Jews nor Christians in his lynching crowd. Since the individuals of color are God-dreading and God-cherishing network, Jed Wilson doe sn’t like it. He imagines that American for him is a religion. Similarly as long as your American and you’re white you are acknowledged by â€Å"his† network. Jed Wilson says this to makeâ himself feel unrivaled simply like Bob Ewell. Dissimilar to Bob Ewell, Jed is known to anyone and everyone in the town. He doesn't live in the landfill like Bob does. Jed is realized that â€Å"ain’t no dark man can hinder him, no white man either.† Jed makes himself predominant, he is chosen as the new sheriff around for consuming a dark man alive. In spite of the fact that whether its utilizing harsh words by considering a dark network a nigger home or through brutality like consuming a dark man alive. They despite everything lead to a certain something, passing. Jed and Bob are comparative such that they are both bigot and loathe the dark network. They put individuals who are beneath them to cause themselves to feel great and unrivaled and feel like they are the saint, a rescuer for slaughtering a man with various skin shading, race and strict convictions. They judge them straight away in light of the fact that they have something else to them and need them out of their locale. The main contrast is that Bob Ewell utilizes oral defamatory words to dispose of the dark network in the territory, yet both still comparative in an approach to show their supremacist demeanor towards the dark network. In the movie â€Å"Mississippi Burning† coordinated by Alan Parker, the character Clayton Townley is exceptionally supremacist characteristics and perspectives. He says he is a â€Å"local businessman† however his activities and words expressed weren’t the expressions of a neighborhood businessperson. A model is the point at which he was giving a discourse at a huge crowd at an evening time genius white assembly â€Å"They detest us since we present a brilliant illustration of effective segregation.† He said this to cause himself to feel great and feel unrivaled towards individuals of color in an insensitive manner. Words can’t portray his methods of executing strategies. Contrasts in To Kill a Mockingbird and Mississippi Burning is that the white individuals who were out to get the individuals of color had a composed arrangement. Clayton Townley is the representative or the agent head of the gathering called Ku Klux Klan. They make consistency all through their activities. The Ewells and the bigot network of Maycomb weren’t steady in their activities against the individuals of color. Bounce had an arrangement on his head however Atticus’ solid proof delineated Bobs pride. Character clashes that are the equivalent in the book and in the film was that many white individuals didn’t need to be seen with blacks since they would be considered as an untouchable. Similitudes between these characters are that Clayton Townley and Bob Ewell share something very similar inâ their mind. The two of them need force and prevalence over cause themselves to feel great. They are both seen as legends in their locale however in the end they are gotten dead or in jail. Additionally the contrast between the film and boo

Free Essays on Mrs. Dalloway

In Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway one thing Clarissa Dalloway was constantly entranced by was the stroke of Big Ben. All through the novel Clarissa determinedly reviews recollections from an earlier time which make her live in memory, not at the time. When viewing a plane overhead making a message Clarissa halted, turned upward and dishonestly stated, â€Å"In the triumph and the jingle and the weird high singing of some plane overhead was what she adored; life; this snapshot of June† (Woolf 4). Clarissa Dalloway needed to live at the time, anyway she didn't. â€Å"Clarissa was certain, a specific quiet or seriousness; an indefinable delay; anticipation before Big Ben strikes† (Woolf 4). Clarissa is totally focused on schedule. Clarissa proceeds with her fixation on living in the past by considering Peter Walsh, a previous sweetheart. She couldn’t be with him since she felt he’d cover her, yet there’s a feeling of disappointment at whatever point she ponders him. â€Å"That was just her dear Peter even under the least favorable conditions; and he could be excruciating; he could be unimaginable; however charming to stroll with on a morning like this† (Woolf 7). Clarissa dreams about the past reasoning it would be superior to the present. The strike of Big Ben brings Clarissa’s present state of mind, precisely what she’s feeling at that time into discernment. â€Å"The sound of Big Ben overwhelmed Clarissa’s drawing-room, where she sat, each so irritated, at her composing table; stressed; annoyed† (Woolf 117). Huge Ben catches her current state of mind once more; it has a ubiquity that makes Clarissa mindful of her existence. Frequently Clarissa lives in dream, not reality. Huge Ben fills in as an alert so to address take her back to the real world. â€Å"Big Ben struck the half-hour† (Woolf 127). Clarissa investigates the window of her neighbor, an older lady who she had never known. This lady represents Clarissa’s last rude awakening. Towards the finish of Clarissa’s party she ventures into another room, leaving her soci... Free Essays on Mrs. Dalloway Free Essays on Mrs. Dalloway In Virginia Woolf’s tale, Mrs. Dalloway, she depicts various entangling and captivating sections in which she presents the perusers with numerous inquiries and befuddling situations. One specific segment that I feel is dangerous and questionable, yet additionally fascinating, is the section wherein Clarissa Dalloway talks about two significant segments that crush one’s protection of soul: love and religion. Love, from her perspective, obliterates the spirit. Clarissa represents this thought through a moderately aged man, Peter Walsh, who is genuinely joined to her. For Clarissa, Peter demolishes her protection by needing to know it all and totally having her spirit. What's more, Clarissa feels that religion can likewise demolish one’s security. For example, Mrs. Kilman, a severe elderly person, ceaselessly attempts to know Clarissa’s blames and sins. For me, this segment has been upsetting and baffling; be that as it may, in view of Clarissa Dalloway, I am presently starting to comprehend why she feels the manner in which she does. What troubles me is the way that an individual can never totally know somebody. You may ponder them, yet in reality, everybody has privileged insights. Security of soul has been a topic all through this novel, and it’s in this segment in this manner the perusers discover that one’s protection may not be as private as the person suspected. The issue for Clarissa Dalloway is that she feels through two significant parts her security is detracted from her. She depicts these two parts, Love and Religion, as being â€Å"detestable.† This strikes me as being extremely odd. I have consistently felt that affection is the most fundamental and promising thing one can have in this lifetime. To realize somebody so well and recognize what they’re thinking, or feeling, without them saying anything is an exceptionally extraordinary blessing. Then again, be that as it may, Clarissa would contend in an unexpected way. For her, this sort of adoration is overpowering and undesirable. Consequently, she can not l... Free Essays on Mrs. Dalloway In Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway one thing Clarissa Dalloway was constantly intrigued by was the stroke of Big Ben. All through the novel Clarissa determinedly reviews recollections from an earlier time which make her live in memory, not at the time. When viewing a plane overhead making a message Clarissa halted, turned upward and deceptively stated, â€Å"In the triumph and the jingle and the abnormal high singing of some plane overhead was what she adored; life; this snapshot of June† (Woolf 4). Clarissa Dalloway needed to live at the time, anyway she didn't. â€Å"Clarissa was certain, a specific quiet or seriousness; an unbelievable delay; tension before Big Ben strikes† (Woolf 4). Clarissa is totally focused on schedule. Clarissa proceeds with her fixation on living in the past by considering Peter Walsh, a previous darling. She couldn’t be with him since she felt he’d cover her, yet there’s a feeling of disappointment at whatever point she contemplates him. â€Å"That was just her dear Peter even from a pessimistic standpoint; and he could be terrible; he could be unimaginable; yet cute to stroll with on a morning like this† (Woolf 7). Clarissa dreams about the past reasoning it would be superior to the present. The strike of Big Ben brings Clarissa’s present disposition, precisely what she’s feeling at that time into observation. â€Å"The sound of Big Ben overwhelmed Clarissa’s drawing-room, where she sat, each so irritated, at her composing table; stressed; annoyed† (Woolf 117). Enormous Ben catches her current state of mind once more; it has a ubiquity that makes Clarissa mindful of her world. Frequently Clarissa lives in dream, not reality. Enormous Ben fills in as an alert so to address take her back to the real world. â€Å"Big Ben struck the half-hour† (Woolf 127). Clarissa investigates the window of her neighbor, an older lady who she had never known. This lady represents Clarissa’s last rude awakening. Towards the finish of Clarissa’s party she ventures into another room, leaving her soci...

Inventory Management in a Multinational Company

Stock Management in a Multinational Company Stock might be alluring, even important, for smooth activity and great client assistance by and large. For example, stock can be utilized to decrease the lead time to react to client request, to streamline the creation rate when there are varieties popular, and to shield the organization from disparages of interest (gauge mistakes) or deficiency of flexibly. Reasons, for example, these, in addition to the way that stock is viewed as a benefit on a companys asset report, have driven numerous companys to convey over the top measures of stock. A few organizations for instance, the Japanese producer Toyota, have gotten known for their capacity to work with low inventories and to accomplish a high stock turnover. (Stock turnover is essentially the proportion of deals to the normal stock level, both estimated at cost or retail value.) The Japanese methodology is to keep in process stock low and to accomplish speedy progression of the item through the creation cycle. Having the option to re act rapidly to request, organizations can work from a shorter range figure, which is increasingly exact, so they need less security stock to shield from vulnerability. [1] 2. Points and targets Stock administration is a significant worry for administrators in a wide range of organizations. For organizations that work on moderately low net revenues, poor stock administration can genuinely sabotage the business. The test isn't to pare inventories deep down to diminish costs or to have bounty around to fulfill all requests, however to have the perfect add up to accomplish the serious needs for the business most effectively. [2] Points and targets of this theory are as per the following: Choosing where to situate stock Deciding when to recharge stock Ascertaining the amount to arrange Deciding the arrangement of security stock Refacilitating the utilization of business assets for gainful business results Guaranteeing the objective degree of stock is accessible to help request. 3. Stock Stock is characterized as the supply of any thing or asset utilized in association [3]. A stock framework is an assortment of individuals, gear and systems that capacity to keep record of the amount of every thing in stock and to figure out which things to purchase or produce in what amounts and at what times. Indeed, even basic strategy that achieves these capacities cost cash to work. Some stock framework requires exchange answering to monitor each occasion in which units are added to or taken from the current stock. This never-ending stock records can be costly, however the extra cost can be legitimized for items that are generally costly to hold in stock 3. 1. CYCLE INVENTORY The segment of absolute stock that shifts straightforwardly with parcel size, is called cycle stock. Deciding how much of the time to arrange, and in what amount, is called part estimating, two standards apply. The parcel size, Q, shifts straightforwardly with the slipped by time (or cycle) between orders. In the event that a great deal is requested at regular intervals, the normal parcel size must approach five weeks request. The more drawn out the time between orders for a given thing, the more noteworthy the cycle stock. Toward the start of the interim, the cycle stock is at its most extreme or Q. toward the finish of the interim, not long before another parcel shows up, cycle stock drops to its base, or 0. the normal cycle stock is the normal of these two limits: Normal cycle stock = This equation is accurate just when the interest rate is consistent and uniform. In any case, it provides a sensibly decent gauge in any event, when request rates are not steady. Factors other than the interest rate additionally may cause evaluating blunders when this basic equation is utilized. 3.2. Security STOCK INVENTORY To maintain a strategic distance from client support issues and the shrouded expenses of inaccessible segments, organization holds wellbeing stocks. Security stocks stock ensures against vulnerabilities sought after, lead-time, and flexibly. Security stocks are alluring when providers neglect to convey the ideal amount on the predefined date with satisfactory quality or when produced things have huge measures of scrap or revise. Security stock guarantees that tasks are not disturbed when such issue happen, permitting resulting activities to proceed. Figure 1: Various sorts of Inventory To make wellbeing stock, a homestead submits a request for conveyance sooner than when the thing is ordinarily required. The renewal request in this manner shows up early, giving a pad against vulnerability. Stock used to ingest lopsided paces of interest or gracefully, which organizations frequently face, is alluded to as expectation stock. Unsurprising, regular interest designs lead themselves to the utilization of expectation stock. Expectation stock likewise can enable when to flexibly, as opposed to request, is lopsided. An organization may load up on a certain bought thing if its providers are undermined with a strike or have extreme limit impediments. 3.3. Expectation INVENTORY Stock used to assimilate lopsided paces of interest or gracefully, which organizations regularly face, is alluded to as expectation stock. Unsurprising, occasional interest designs lead themselves to the utilization of expectation stock. Expectation stock likewise can enable when to flexibly, as opposed to request, is lopsided. An organization may load up on a certain bought thing if its providers are undermined with a strike or have extreme limit constraints. 3.4. PIPELINE INVENTORY Stock moving from point to point in the materials stream frameworks called pipeline stock. Materials move from providers to a plant, starting with one activity then onto the next in the plant, from the plant to a dissemination community for client, and from the conveyance place to a retailer. Pipeline stock comprises of requests that have been put yet not yet got. Pipeline stock between two focuses, for either transportation or creation, ca be estimated as the normal interest during lead time, , which is the normal interest for the thing time frame (d) times the quantity of periods in the things lead time (L) to move between the two focuses, or Pipeline Inventory = dL. [2] 4. BATB Inventory Management There are some standard administration speculations as we depicted before in part two. The operational condition fluctuates firms to firms, organizations to organizations. In light of the diverse differing conditions most organizations do deal with the stock at their own. They don't follow precisely what the hypothesis infers yet dissecting the speculations they go for the choices that suit them most viably and productively. The objective ought not be to limit stock or to amplify client care yet rather to have the perfect add up to help the serious needs of the organization. 4.1. BATB Inventory System BATB stock framework can be contrasted and a two-canister framework where a things stock is put away at two unique areas. Stock is first pulled back from one-canister. The two-container framework infers that if the primary canister is unfilled, the subsequent receptacle gives reinforcement to cover request until a reenlistment shows up [2]. BATB has the adaptability to find their stock at various focuses from provider to distribution center at provider premises which is excellent preferred position for an organization. The interest chief and the MPS supervisor surveys the stock situations on the regular routine and afterward go for accepting the parcel from the pipeline stock. This shows they are keeping up the pipeline stock. It encourages them decrease the parcel size to be supplied at distribution center. BATB Inventory incorporates: Completed products Drained sets Channel poles Wrapping materials Leaf Assessment stamps Bandle rolls The investigation is for the most part centered around the leaf. Since this is the significant worry in any cigarette fabricating organization as it holds the most extreme process duration. We will work with the crude materials stock. Primarily BATB has two sorts of materials. These are wrapping material and Tobacco. They get crude materials from both neighborhood and remote providers. Remote providers are mostly from Brazil, Argentina, Canada, South Africa and Zimbabwe. For nearby providers normal lead-time is 10 to 15 days and for the remote providers lead-time is 90 to 120 days. Leaf is provided by both the neighborhood and remote provider. Be that as it may, disregarding the neighborhood leaf as it requires some investment, we will take the imported leaf in record to examine. Leaf Strategy Leaf is a horticultural plant, which must be developed, and it needs certain period to get developed. Along these lines the requesting strategy of leaf is very tedious. They need to put in the request right on time of the time it is expected to show up. Assume they need 1000-ton leaf in the long stretch of April 2008, they educate their provider right now that is in the period of April 2007, with the goal that they can develop the leaf and afterward convey. What's more, it is to be referenced that soon after the appearance in the distribution center the leaf isn't as prepared as to be utilized for creation. It goes under another specific timeframe for development and afterward is under for creation. In any case, on the off chance that we talk about the lead-time it will incorporate just the days between request positions to landing in distribution center. 5. Security STOCK Typically one doesn't know definitely the quantity of units that will be requested every day during the lead-time. The term of lead-time may have unexplained or startling variety. Request can be thought of a probabilistic variable with some normal measure of interest during a timeframe and unexplained varieties about the normal worth. On the off chance that stock could be renewed one a minutes notice there would be no motivation to be worried about interest vulnerability. At whatever point stock arrived at zero, stock would be held once more. With some lead time between the position of a request an its appearance, anyway quite possibly request will be more noteworthy than anticipated and misfortune will be brought about due to stockout. When stockout costs are high and request is entirely erratic, the budgetary hazard is sizable. Security s

Managerial Economics Analysis of the Indian Telecom Sector Essay Example For Students

Administrative Economics: Analysis of the Indian Telecom Sector Essay Task REPORT ON MANAGERIAL ECONOMICS ANALYSIS OF TELECOM SECTOR IN INDIA INTRODUCTION India is the fourth biggest telecom advertise in Asia after China, Japan and South Korea. The Indian telecom arrange is the eighth biggest on the planet and the second biggest among rising economies. At current levels, telecom seriousness of Indian economy estimated as the proportion of telecom incomes to GDP is 2. 1 percent as contrasted and more than 2. 8 percent in created economies. Indian telecom division has experienced a significant procedure of change through huge approach changes. The changes started in 1980s with telecom hardware fabricating being opened for private division and were later trailed by National Telecom Policy (NTP) in 1994 and NTP1999. The progression of the business has made an amazing forward-energy in India, bringing about a vivaciously serious and quickly developing area. In addition, the administration had loose essentially the remote speculation standards in the area. As indicated by the Department of Trade, India’s speculation strategy system grants remote direct venture (FDI) in various key parts of the telecom markets. The advantage of this progression has been the radical decrease in call charges. Where a brief trunk call cost Rs. 30 prior now it costs on Rs. 1. Because of the passage of BSNL and MTNL, cell communication costs have likewise descended quickly. As indicated by the most recent information gave by the Cellular Operators Association of India (COAI), the industry affiliation speaking to all GSM administrators, the quantity of Indias GSM supporters had contacted 136 million as of the finish of June 2007-recording an expansion of 5. 4 million during June, or a development of 4. 2% when contrasted with 130. 1 million at end-May 2007 The Unified Access authorizing system executed in the year 2003, gave a significant lift to this industry as it allowed fundamental as well as cell portable assistance utilizing any innovation. What's more, today, India is one of the quickest developing markets for Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) with its supporter base expanding from 53mn in Octo ber 2005 to 116mn in June 2007. On the off chance that India needs to satisfy its maximum capacity of turning into a key player in the New Economy and converge as an IT superpower, it requires a solid and serious telecom division. In the course of the most recent ten years, critical improvements have occurred in this area and a lot progressively significant changes are required to happen in this industry in the coming years. At present, India comprises one of the world’s biggest telecom markets. Despite the fact that with a fixed phone system of 29 million lines, India is positioned as one of the best ten-telecom arranges on the planet, its phone thickness of 2. phone lines per 100 people contrasts negatively and worldwide gauges. The US has a teledensity of 50 phone lines for each 100 people; Brazil has a tele-thickness of 10 phone lines for every 100 people with the worldwide normal being 11 for every 100. The present low tele-thickness offers telecom organizations signific ant development openings in India and gives the nation an alternative of adjusting new advances. The New Telecom Policy of 1999 (NTP 99) has set an objective of expanding tele-thickness to 15 percent by 2010. Huge interests in telecom segment are in process and extra speculations are normal, after opening up of national and global significant distance portions, authorization of boundless rivalry in essential telecom administrations and issue of fourth cell licenses. Globally, the per capita interests in telecom industry have expanded in the nations with low teledensity. Be that as it may, strategy vulnerability could antagonistically influence speculation plans of telecom administrators. Further, long incubation and make back the initial investment time frame would influence the getting ability of telecom administrators. Over the medium term, the telecom administrators would need to mix value to meet the reserve necessity for turn out of activities. Gainfulness of the officeholder PSUs is required to decay from the present significant levels, while the new players are relied upon to enroll negative incomes in the medium term. The all out income in the telecom administration part was Rs. 86,720 crore in 2005-06 as against Rs. 71, 674 crore in 2004-2005, enrolling a development of 21%. The all out interest in Telecom administrations part arrived at Rs. 200,660 crore in 2005-06, up from Rs. 178,831 crore in the past monetary. Media transmission is the help of the quickly developing Information Technology industry. Web endorser base has ascended to 6. 94 million of every 2005-2006. Out of this 1. 35 million were broadband associations. In excess of a billion people utilize the web all inclusive. Under the Bharat Nirman Program, the Government of India will guarantee that 66,822 income towns in the nation, which have not yet been furnished with a Village Public Telephone (VPT), will be associated. Anyway questions have been raised about what it would mean for the poor in the nation. It is hard to determine completely the business capability of the telecom segment however the tremendousness of the open doors can be measured from the way that there were 3. 7 million Public Call Offices in December 2005 up from 2. 3 million in December 2004. The worth included administrations (VAS) showcase inside the versatile business in India can possibly develop from $500 million of every 2006 to an astounding $10 billion by 2009. Targets One of the principle motivations to attempt telecom markets has been the special attributes of cost and request structures inside the telecom division. One significant monetary explanation behind guideline is to help accomplish the ideal degree of creation from a cultural perspective, I. e. , to guarantee creation of the ideal items and administrations in the ideal amounts and at suitable costs for all purchasers wanting them. The requirement for guideline relies upon the capacity of the market to make this circumstance without anyone else. The primary essential inquiry is whether creation ought to be composed as arranged creation with potential amendments by the market, or creation ought to be dictated by the market with potential revisions from organizers or controllers. THE COST STRUCTURE OF A TELECOM NETWORK The telecom segment is described by huge speculation costs. The exact level of complete expenses credited to speculations relies obviously upon the meaning of ventures and of telecom exercises (e. g. regardless of whether research, promoting or comparative exercises are incorporated). Albeit a few sources guarantee venture, and speculation related expenses to be as much as 90 percent of the expenses of creation, most gauges dependent on budgetary information, be that as it may, change somewhere in the range of 60 and 75 percent. In this way, by all estimates the telecom division is relatively capital escalated. For an appraisal of the expense structure’s sway on economic situations, more than the degree of interests in telecom is significant. The kind of speculations is likewise significant. An outstanding piece of the speculations are what financial specialists allude to as â€Å"sunk costs†. These are long haul speculations which can be utilized uniquely for explicit monetary exercises. A model is a fixed access organize giving subscribers’ access to the neighborhood trade. This speculation just has an incentive for the flexibly of telecom benefits in this specific neighborhood. When the speculation is caused the administrator to can just leave this specific market at extensive expenses. Different speculations make some shorter memories skyline or potentially can all the more effectively be applied for different exercises. Interests in telecom systems partition into the accompanying practical components: * Terminal equipment| * Access Network| * Switching| * Transmission/Long line| * Other (structures and so on ) | TRENDS IN INVESTMENT COSTS The most significant elements of contribution to interests in telecom systems are electronic hardware, links and wires. Costs for electronic hardware have diminished quickly and are relied upon to keep declining later on. This effects specifically the expenses of exchanging however transmission is influenced too. Improved link innovation, and specifically the presentation of optical filaments, has diminished expenses of links generously. Costs for copper wires are moderately steady, however new pressure procedures are expanding its ability. Optical fiber link gives altogether more noteworthy limit, and value decreases currently make it serious with copper links for establishment of new access organizes on Greenfield destinations in certain areas. Be that as it may, at present it isn't affordable to supplant introduced copper links. In the entrance arrange the laying of link and wire comprise as much as 90 percent of the expenses. In this manner the expense of the link itself assumes a reducing job. Be that as it may, in the transmission organize, where the expanding limit of optical filaments can be used all the more favorably, fiber link will have a considerable effect. Request Demand for communication has an exceptionally low affectability to changes in levies, however progressively costly administrations, for example, significant distance communication will in general be more touchy than nearby communication, which is even more a need. Another trademark for both communication and numerous other correspondence administrations is the positive externalities made by the administration. A finished call requires the cooperation of a subsequent gathering, which by and large likewise is profiting by the (call externality). Another externality emerges when another supporter is associated with the system. This will profit every single other supporter which could have a need to speak with the new endorser (get to externality). This point is significant for the presentation of new administrations. New administrations need to build up a minimum amount of system supporters before they truly can get valuable and the market can unfurl. Telecom administrations are offered to two unmistakable gatherings of clients with very various examples of interest:- * Business Customers| * Residential

Word of the Week! Casuistry Richmond Writing

Word of the Week! Casuistry Richmond Writing Thanks once again to Robyn Bradshaw in UR Catering for this pick. At first blush, I suspected a back-formation and a modern word, but  The OED dates the word from the 18th Century for earliest recorded use by poet and wit Alexander Pope. The root is indeed cause but its a certain kind. As our dictionary also notes, a casuist is A theologian (or other person) who studies and resolves cases of conscience or doubtful questions regarding duty and conduct. Our word is not usually a positive one, as it is often associated with sophistry, or mere quibbling over causes in a way that obscures the truth. I suppose casuistry to be useful in our divided and money-haunted political system. Liars and thieves can then proceed with an untroubled conscience.   For some reason, the image of Lucy from Peanuts came to my mind. Shes an expert at the dark arts of casuistry and Charlie Brown? Her perfect patsy. As for a rule of style here? First, casuistry is not a back-formation, in the way that solicitate oozes from solicit. Bryan Garner makes it plain, in A Dictionary of Modern American Usage, that back-formations merely add weight but no meaning to a sentence. Garner advises avoiding them as needless variations. On the other hand, he likes (as do I) some back-formations such as emote, from the noun emotion. Thus language gains nuance and variety. Second, watch your spelling. Note the position of the s in our word. I had it misspelled to match cause until I proofread this post! As we Charlie Browns of the world soldier on into the dog days of summer, please nominate a word or metaphor useful in academic writing by e-mailing me (jessid -at- richmond -dot- edu) or leaving a comment below. See all of our Metaphors of the Month  here  and Words of the Week  here. Image courtesy of Caren Pilgrim at Flickr.

Simulation of Heap File Operations - Free Essay Example

Simulation of Heap File Operations Synopsis (Abstract) The Project demonstrates the simulation of heap file operations and its cost management, by displaying the time taken to complete the selected operations. Various operations such as scanning, insertion, deletion and searching are performed for heap file in this project. In heap file, all the records are stored in chronological order, i.e. the data is stored as and when it comes in the last, i.e. at the end of the file. There is no sorting applied to the heap files. Due to this, heap file is the most efficient file organization system for applications which have more and more number of insertions and very less deletions and searching. For Deletion, the required page is searched by scanning the whole file. The whole file has to be scanned as the data is not in sorted order and the file can be found anywhere in the file. The record to be deleted is identified using RID (Record Identifier). Once a record is deleted, the data below it shifts up a place in database to accommodate the empty space in middle. Hence all the empty spaces are available at the end of the file in heap file organization. Searching in heap files can be done in 2 ways, Searching with equality and Searching within range. In search with equality, a particular record is to be searched based on the equality condition. In searching within range, a range is given and the records between that ranges is displayed. In heap file organization, only insertion is the most efficient and faster operation. Rest all operations takes a lot of time as they have to scan the whole record due to its unsorted data. Hence heap file organizations are best used in applications which have large number of insertions and very less number of deletions or searching. Examples for the applications can be any statistical information collecting application, such as traffic monitoring or population statistics. Where insertions can be per minute or per day, and fetching or searching can be per day or per year. Heap file is the simplest method for storing data base file. Every operation has different method to calculate cost model. For calculation of cost model, we used four parameters B, R, C, D. B denotes number of pages fully occupied page, R denotes number of records, D denote average time to perform read and write operation, C denotes average time to perform da tabase operation. The methodology is simple for heap file organization. For simulation purpose and to show how the heap file organization works, MySql database has been used. The data is inserted always at the end. For this, No primary key is assigned, hence data is not sorted and inserted always at the end of the table. Any deletion in the table, all the data below it shifts up. For any scanning or searching operation, we have to scan the whole table. To achieve this. We have used simple MySql queries with java programming language, which is connected to MySql using JDBC connectivity drivers. For the front end design, NetBeans IDE have been used. NetBeans provides various inbuilt packages which can be used for the efficient work on databases. Like DBUtils have a tool which converts resultset table data into the Jtable of NetBeans. The cost model is calculated using java programming languages basic time calculation tools. The main outcome of the project is that, we have achiev ed the proper working of all the basic operations of heap file organizations such as insertions, deletions, searching and scanning. And all these operations are handled through the well-designed front end. And the cost model of these operations are also calculated and displayed to the user in the front end as and when any operation is performed. Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Pre-amble: The Background work for the heap file organization is very less, as this file organization is not very efficient for most of the daily used application. All the daily used application requires more and more of searching, fetching and deletion of data, which works really slow in heap file organization due to its unsorted nature. Hence the heap file canà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t be used for most of the day to day applications. But it can be used in statistical applications such as population survey, traffic monitoring etc. where data insertions are far more than deletions or searching. Basically these a pplications donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have proper user interfaces defined to them as they concentrate more on data than user interface. They donà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have the mechanism to calculate the cost incurred for the operations on insert, delete and searching. Hence, in our application we created an application with well-designed User interface which can store data in the heap file and calculate and show the cost incurred for the various operations. It will also show the contents of the Database in real time as and when the data is inserted or deleted. 1.2 Literature Review: 1.3 Problem Statement: Simulate and show how the data is stored in a heap file organization by performing basic operations. Basic operations to be performed on a heap file includes insertion, deletion, searching with equality and searching within range, and scanning. Calculate the cost model for each and every operation. Represent the cost model in a graph for bulk record insertions. 1.4 Methodology Adopted: To simulate and show how the data in inserted and stored in a heap file, we have used MySql database. In MySql , we have created a table without any primary key, as a primary key sorts the data as per the tuples in that column , and hence it does not satisfies the heap file structure. The front end is designed in NetBeans and coded using java programming language. The front end is connected to back end using the Java Data Base Connectivity (JDBC), which is a standard API that allows java programs to access database management systems. TheJDBCAPI consists of a set of interfaces and classes written in the Java programming language. 1.5 Technical Features: Simulate and shows the working of heap file organizations, i.e. shows how the records are stored in database in a heap file. Shows in real time in the front end that the insertion always happens at the end of the file and no sorting mechanism is involed. Shows how the deletion is performed in a heap file, i.e. after scanning the whole file for a particular Record Identifier (RID). Shows how searching with equality and searching within range works through front end visualization. NetBeans IDE is used for the front end design. MySql is used for the database management system. JDBC is used for connecting the java programming language used in NetBeans to the MySql. Chapter 2 : Project Description In this simplest and most basic type of organization,records are placed in the file in the order in which they are inserted, so new records are inserted at the end of the file. Such an organization is called a heap or pile file. This organization is often used with additional access paths, such as the secondary indexes. It is also used to collect and store data records for future use. Inserting a new record is very efficient. The last disk block of the file is copied into a buffer, the new record is added, and the block is then rewritten back to disk. The address of the last file block is kept in the file header. However, searching for a record using any search condition involves a linear search through the file block by blockà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ an expensive procedure. If only one record satisfies the search condition, then, on the average, a program will read into memory and search half the file blocks before it finds the record. For a file of b bl ocks, this requires searching (b/2) blocks, on average. If no records or several records satisfy the search condition, the program must read and search all b blocks in the file. To delete a record, a program must first find its block, copy the block into a buffer, delete the record from the buffer, and finally rewrite the block back to the disk. This leaves unused space in the disk block. Deleting a large number of records in this way results in wasted storage space. Another technique used for record deletion is to have an extra byte or bit, called a deletion marker, stored with each record. A record is deleted by setting the deletion marker to a certain value. A different value for the marker indicates a valid (not deleted) record. Search programs consider only valid records in a block when conducting their search. Both of these deletion techniques require periodic reorganization of the file to reclaim the unused space of deleted records. During reorganization, the file blocks a re accessed consecutively, and records are packed by removing deleted records. After such a reorganization, the blocks are filled to capacity once more. Another possibility is to use the space of deleted records when inserting new records, although this requires extra book keeping to keep track of empty locations. We can use either spanned or unspanned organization for an unordered file, and it may be used with either fixed-length or variable-length records. Modifying a variable length record may require deleting the old record and inserting a modified record because the modified record may not fit in its old space on disk. The cost model of a heap file can be calculated using 4 variables, i.e. B, R, C, D. B denotes number of pages fully occupied page, R denotes number of records, D denote average time to perform read and write operation, C denotes average time to perform database operation. Let us see the theoretical cost model calculations in a heap file with respect to differe nt operations: Scan: The cost is B (D+RC) because we must retrieve each of B pages taking time D per page, and for each page, process R records taking time C per record. Search with Equality Selection: Suppose that we know in advance that exactly one record matches the desired equality selection, that is, the selection is specified on a candidate key. On average, we must scan half the file, assuming that the record exists and the distribution of values in the search field is uniform. For each retrieved data page, we must check all records on the page to see if it is the desired record. The cost is O.5B (D + RC). If no record satisfies the selection, however, we must scan the entire file to verify this. If the selection is not on a candidate key field (e.g., Find employees aged 18), we always have to scan the entire file because records with age = 18 could be dispersed all over the file, and we have no idea how many such records exist. Search with Range Selection: The entire file must be scanned because qualifying records could appear anywhere in the file, and we do not know how many qualifying records exist. The cost is B (D + RC). Insert: we assume that records are always inserted at the end of the file.  ¥e must fetch the last page in the file, add the record, and write the page back. The cost is 2D +C. Delete: We must find the record, remove the record from the page, and write the modified page back. We assume that no attempt is made to compact the file to reclaim the free space created by deletions, for simplicity. The cost is the cost of searching plus C + D. We assume that the record to be deleted is specified using the record id. Since the page id can easily be obtained from the record id, we can directly read in the page. The cost of searching is therefore D. If the record to be deleted is specified using an equality or range condition on some fields, the cost of searching is given in our discussion of equality and range selections. The cost of deletion is also affected by the number of qualifying records, since all pages containing such records must be modified. The NetBeans provide various tools to design an efficient front end, and java programming provides large number of interfaces and classes to perform operations on databases using JDBC. The resultsets are used to take results from database and display it in the front end. And NetBeans have a package called DButils which helps in converting the ResultSet table data into the NetBeans table data. An SQLresult setis a set of rows from a database, as well as metadata about the query such as the column names, and the types and sizes of each column. Depending on the database system, the number of rows in theresult setmay or may not be known. In short, the overview of Heap file in points: Simplest and most basic method insert efficient, with new records added at the end of the file, providing chronological order retrieval inefficient as searching has to be linear deletion is accomplished by marking selected records as deleted requires periodic reorganization if file is very volatile (changed frequently) Advantages efficient for bulk loading data efficient for relatively small relations as indexing overheads are avoided efficient when retrievals involve large proportion of stored records Disadvantages not efficient for selective retrieval using key values, especially if large sorting may be time-consuming not suitable for volatile tables Chapter 3: Software Requirement Specification This chapter deals with the software and hardware requirements for our application. All applications have their own software and hardware requirements based on the work they perform and tools they use. The Hardware requirements gives the minimum amount of hardware required to run the application efficiently without any hitches. The hardware requirements include processor, ram, Hard Disk space etc. The software requirement gives the details about the required tools, languages, database management systems and their versions which are compatible for this application. 3.1 Introduction: 3.2 Hardware and Software Requirements: Hardware Requirements: Processorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Dual Core (minimum), Quad Core (Recommended). RAM à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 1gb (minimum), 2gb (Recommended). Storage à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" 500mb (minimum), 750mb (Recommended). Software Requirements: Ubuntu 14.04 LTS Netbeans 6.7 or higher. Java Programming Language (openjdk-6). JDBC Connector. DBUtil package in NetBeans. 3.3 Functional Requirements: Introduction : The most basic functional requirement to show the working of heap file is data. Every application needs data to act upon. Here we will have student records to be inserted into a heap file. There will be a field to get student id for equality search and lower and upper limits for range search. There will be buttons to select any particular operation to be performed. There will be table views in front which show the real time output of how the data is stored in the database. Input: The inputs are Student Id, Student Name, Semester and marks. All these details are inserted with every student record. All these inputs are provided at the front end i.e. User Interface provided by the Application. For searching with equality, we will need a student id as an input to search the student with that particular student id. For searching within range, we need upper limit and lower limit of the range, to get all the records which comes within that range. There will be separate buttons for all the operations, clicking on the button will perform a particular operation Processing: Once the inputs are given, the inputs are processed from the front end and passed to the database through Sql queries. The queries are created in java programming languages and passed to MySql through JDBC connector/Driver. For all the operations, cost will be calculated as soon as the operation is performed. Output: After processing, the output is generated at the front end which shows the real time working of the database and where the recently added data is stored (i.e. at the end of the file in our heap file application). It will also show the cost model calculated during the processing time for that particular operation. 3.4 External Interface Requirements: Java Database Connectivity(JDBC): The JDBC have pre-defined interfaces and methods to perform various operations on database management systems. Queries are prepared using the statements and those statements are used to execute the query with methods like executeQuery(). ResultSets is a set of rows from a database, as well as metadata about the query such as the column names, and the types and sizes of each column. Depending on the database system, the number of rows in theresult setmay or may not be known. DataBase Utility(DBUtil): The ResultSet returns the contents of the database table in rows and colums. To convert the table details stored in ResultSet into the table model of NetBeans, an external package is implemented called DBUtil. DButil consists of a method called ResultSetToTableModel(arg), which takes one argument of ResultSet type. 3.5 Performance Requirements: The Performance of our application is totally dependent on the basis of the operations performed on it. If the operations include large number of insertions, this application provides the fastest and efficient way for it. But if there are more number of deletion and searching operation, the performance of this application may reduce as compared to the insertion operations. All this is due to the structure of Heap files, where insertions are performed faster, as the records are stored at the end of the file and it doesnà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t have to follow any sorted mechanism. Whereas any deletion or searching operation requires the whole file to be scanned to search for the desired record. 3.6 Design Constraints: Primary key not to be used, as it will sort the file on which it has been used. Deletions and searching operations should be performed rarely. Chapter 4: Design Specification 4.1 Architectural Design: 4.2 System Design: 4.3 Detailed Design: Chapter 5: Testing and Results 5.1 Testing: Unit Testing: Unit testingis a softwaretestingmethod by which individual units of source code, sets of one or more computer program modules together with associated control data, usage procedures, and operating procedures are tested to determine if they are fit for use. In out applications, all the operations performed on heap file such as insertion, deletion etc are all created in separate units. Each of which is tested separately if they are fit to be used or not. Integration Testing: Integration testing(sometimes calledintegrationandtesting, abbreviated IT) is the phase in softwaretestingin which individual software modules are combined andtestedas a group. In our application, after unit testing, we integrate all those units i.e. operations into one application and check if they working fine together. 5.2 Results: 5.3 Conclusion: This application demonstrates the simulation of how the data is organized in heap file organizations and how various operations are performed on it. This application also calculates the cost model and shows how much time a particular operation took, to perform the given task. The heap file organization gives best and efficient results for insertions. Whereas deletion and searching takes more time insertion takes. Hence, this application proves that heap files are best for the applications where insertions are too many and deletions/searching is too less, for example, in statistical applications such as population survey, traffic monitoring etc. This application provides a user friendly front end to see the real time working of heap files and how the inserted data is arranged in a heap file to make user understand the concept of heap file in a better way. References Annexure Department Of MCA, RVCE1

Investigation Of Beta In Bric Economy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2044 Downloads: 8 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Economics Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Beta is the risk associated with an asset in relation to the market underlined. The developing countries/emerging economies such as Brazil, Russian, India, and China (BRICs) are playing important role in the world economy as producers of goods and services. The BRIC countries are expected to grow at a rate of more than 8 percent for next several years. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Investigation Of Beta In Bric Economy" essay for you Create order The main purpose of this research is to focus on these fast growing economies and work out the betas of these BRIC markets. A particular focus is given on the Indian market as India is one of the main contenders in BRIC economies. Indiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s GDP is expected to be 35 times of its current level. Taking into account the performance of the economy over the years and keeping in mind the study of Goldman Sachs (2003), Indian markets are predicted to be the most developed one by 2050. This report also covers the objectives and the methodology i.e. the Single Index Model, which the research will follow and finally it concludes as the stated objectives will be covered and the research will be concluded by August 2010. Introduction: Beta in general term means an assetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s risk in relation to the market or a benchmark. It is measured by using short-term return intervals. An asset with beta of 0 means that it is not correlated with the markets. A positive beta shows that the asset is correlated to market and it follows the market. A negative beta shows that the asset is negatively correlated to the market. Beta is known as financial elasticity or correlated volatility. Literature review: According to Hodges; Taylor ; Yoder (2003) Beta of stock and bond portfolios change drastically with time. Therefore it is difficult to find beta of for intended horizon. They prove that betas calculated from annual returns cannot be used for lond period as it changes with time. Single period betas are useful when the investment horizon matches the holding period which is considered to find the returns. Generally single index pricing is used to model the structure of returns. However, Solnik (1974), suggests that a single index model may fail to capture international and domestic risks and, hence, a multi index model which takes into consideration both factors would be more appropriate. The presence of both risks that influence assets indicate that neither a purely domestic nor purely international beta of a security would be a complete measure of systematic risk. But on the other side, Bartholdy and Riding (1994) used the Dimson and Scholes and Williams methods on NZ data to corre ct for beta biases. They found that the two beta-correcting methods have no add on efficiency compared to standard OLS estimators and concluded that OLS estimators are more efficient and are more closure to relevant data. We therefore adopt the simple OLS beta estimation in this study. Ragunathan; Faff; Brooks (2000) found that the relative to the domestic index, betas were always significant while the betas relative to the international indices were not always significant. The BRIC countries are expected to grow at a rate of more than 8 percent for next several years. The developing countries/emerging economies such as Brazil, Russian, India, and China (BRICs) are playing important role in the world economy as producers of goods and services and increasing capital. The four countries went through major transformational changes in their economic structure. Though BRICs countries followed a sustainable growth path to integrate them self among globalised economy. After a lot of soc io-economic transformations in the twentieth century all these countries were replaced by gradual integration in the global economy in the 1980s and 1990s. In recent times, there is a surge in the global economy particularly in BRICs countries due to economic liberalisation. According to Bharadwaj (editor) the BRIC countries have many good things going in their favour. China is a leader in manufacturing powerhouse in the world and India is number one for services sector (In information technology area),while Russia and Brazil have abundant natural resources. Companies from countries like China and India have intended global ambitions various fields like information technology, industrial production, service sector, etc. BRIC countries have showed global geopolitical leadership in various regions. The new and good changes in economic policies have boosted the developing economies like China, India, Brazil and Russia. Among these countries a new economy is emerging and if the cu rrent growth level is maintained they will become the global economic player in near future. Wilson, D. and Purushothaman, R. in their paper suggest that in the coming decades large developing countries like the BRICs (Brazil, Russia, India and China) will become a great force in the world economy from its current level even above the expectations the investors currently anticipate. It is evident that from the onset of the 21st century more than a third of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s growth has originated in these countries. So, the rise of new powerhouse economies in the developing world can shift the equation of global economic order is predicted by Bloomberg (2007). It is also projected that the BRICs economies as a whole could be larger than the G6 in future. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Thus the BRIC thesis recognizes that Brazil, Russia, India and China have changed their political systems to embrace global capitalism. Moreover, Brazil, Russia, India and China have long been a favou rable destination of emerging market investors.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? By Farah, Paolo(2006) This is optimistic for economic growth and huge investment may come to the BRICs in coming decades. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The spur in economic growth there is a great requirement of broad analysis to get the perfect image of the BRICs economic progressà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Kumar, Fodea (2007). That is the main purpose of this research, to find the betas of these developing economies and forecast them. In year 2006 India has been worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s second fastest growing economy. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Every year at the World Economic Forum in Davos, there is a superstar. Not an individual but a Nation as a whole. One country impresses the gathering of global leaders because of a particularly smart Finance minister or a compelling tale of reform. In the decade that Ive been going to Davos, no country has captured the imagination of the conference and dominated the conversation as India in 2006.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? ( Fareed Zakaria, News week issue dated Mar 6, 2006) . Chinas economy has risen by almost 10 percent since 1980Indias is a tale of future, which is coming into sharp focus. In the study by Goldman Sachs (2003)shows that à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“ in coming 50 years, India will be worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fastest growing economy (largely because of its young workforce). The report suggests that in 10 years Indias economy will be larger than Italys and in 15 years larger than that of Britains. By 2040 the worlds third largest economy. By 2050 it will be five times the size of Japans and its per capita income will have risen to 35 times its current level. Predictions like these are a treacherous business, though its worth noting that Indias current growth rate is actually higher than the study assumed.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬? Thus we can see from the above information that there is lot of potential of making money in this BRIC economies over coming years. But care has to be taken regarding the risks and hence, I would like to carry out this project to investigate Beta of these economies. With a particular focus on the Indian economy. Objectives: The objectives of this thesis are to use the data of BRIC markets and interpret them to answer the following questions What is the beta of BRIC economies? What is the forecasted beta of the BRIC economies? What is the performance of sectors in individual economies? We hope that the outcome of this research will answer these questions and help the investors who wish to invest into these economies. Data: The data to conduct this research will be taken from Bloomberg and the exchanges of the four BRIC economies: Brazil Russia India China The focus of this research is to find the beta of these markets and compare them, the weekly prices from 2000 to 2008 will be used. Methodology: The research method of this project will be of a quantitative one. The data required will be secondary data. We will mainly interpret this data to find out beta of each market. We will further remove beta of the different sectors and compare the performance of each sector with that of whole market. Single-Index Model: For our research we will mainly use Single-Index Model. So firstly, we will use the regression equation of the Single-Index model. This can be done by using the past data of the markets and trying to find out systematic risk. As this model is linear, we can estimate the sensitivity (beta) coefficient of a security, Ri= ri-rf The regression equation is: Ri(t)= ÃŽÂ ±i+ ÃŽÂ ²iRm (t) +ei(t) Where the intercept of this equation (denoted by the greek letter alpha,ÃŽÂ ±) is the securityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s expected return which is excess, when the excess return of the market is zero. The slope coefficient ÃŽÂ ²i is the beta of the security.Thus w e can find beta. Beta is the securityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s sensitivity to the index. The Expected Retun-Beta Relationship: As E(ei)=o we can get value of E(ri), thus we can get a new equation return-beta relationship with the help of single index model. E(Ri)= ÃŽÂ ±i+ ÃŽÂ ²iRm The above equation explains that the securityà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s risk premium is due to risk premium of the index. The market risk premium is multiplied by the beta or sensitivity. It is also called systematic risk premium. Any reminder is given in the form of alpha. It is also called as non market premium. To explain this in a simple example, if the value of alpha is positive which means that the security is underpriced, or in other words there is a chance to earn an extra premium. As the price of the security is brought to equilibrium the value of alpha is driven to zero. Thus this is how a relation can be established between Return and Beta. Thus by using the above Single-Index Model we c an find betas of particular markets and we can also find betas of particular sectors of that market. Once this is done we can try to compare the results of that of Indian market with rest of BRIC economies. Conclusion / Expected outcome: The expected outcomes of the project research are: A beta value for BRIC economies. The forecasted beta of BRIC economies. Sector vise beta of the economy. With the help of these information investors can make a good decision regarding their investments into these booming economies. They will be able to make the most of these markets. Time Line: I will be following a time-line to complete this research. I intend to collect all my data by May using Bloomberg and the exchanges of respective markets. By June and July I will be interpreting and analyzing the collected data. I assume that I will finish this research by end of August. Refrencing: Asness, C. S. (1996) Why not 100% equities?, Journal of Portfolio Management, 22, 29à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"34. Bartholdy, J. and A. Riding (1994), Thin trading and the estimation of betas: The efficacy of alternative techniques, Journal of Financial Research, 17/2, Summer, 241-254. Bodie, Kane, Marcus (Eds.). (2008). Investments (8th ed.) Mcgraw hill. C Kenneth Jones. (1992). Portfolio management McGraw-hill. Choi, Fu. (2005). The dual-beta model: Evidence from the new zealand stock market. Department of Finance, Waikato Management School, Dr. Avaneendra Misra. India getting better. Retrieved from https://ssrn.com/abstract=1214202 Fodea, Kumar, Perspective on ec onomic growth of BRIC countries: A case of brazil and india. HODGES, TAYLOR, YODER. (2003). Beta, the treynor ratio, and long-run investment horizons. Applied Financial Economics, (8), 503à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å"508. KLEMKOSKY, MARTIN. THE ADJUSTMENT OF BETA FORECASTS.NO. 4(SEPTEMBER 1975). Pogue G and Solnik B. 1974. The market model applied to European common stocks: Some empirical results. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 9:17-944. Prashanth N. Bharadwaj. (2007). BRIC Countriesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ A competitive analysis. Robert A. Levy. On the short-term stationarity of beta coefficients Financial Analysts Journal(27 (November-December 1971)), 55-62. Scholes, M. and J. Williams (1977), Estimating betas from nonsynchronous data, Journal of Financial Economics, 5, 309-327. Sromon Das. Testing the stability of beta over market phases an empirical study in the indian context. VANITHA RAGUNATHAN, ROBERT W. FAFF, ROBERT D. BROOKS. (2000). Australian industry beta risk, the choice of market index and business cycles.10, 49-58.

Is It Not My Body - 2365 Words

Is It Not My Body? Lidia M Jaens Spring 2015 University of Houston- Downtown Introduction The debate over abortions has been a controversial one in the United States through the years. The primary question has been, â€Å" Does a women have the right to have an abortion performed?† and if they do have this right, â€Å"when, why and under what conditions should the procedure be performed.† Women decide to get abortions for a multitude of reasons such as: medical issues, toxic family life, rape, economic situations, and some simply do not wish to have children. For a Hispanic women, an abortion is one of the hardest thins to decide, due to family dynamics, religion and resources. Never the less an abortion is an elective medical procedure, and like any other medical procedure, it should be offer to anyone who wants it, without prejudice in a safe environment. Catholics, Abortions and Hispanic Women The debate over abortion is split between Pro-Choice Advocates, who simply believe that it is the women’s right to choose if she wants or doesn’t want to have an abortion performed. While Pro-Life Advocates argue that life begins at conception, thus an abortion is considered a murderous act. In theory most Hispanics would fall in the Pro- Life bracket, due to religion, but the truth is that many are simply uneducated on the matter. Abortion is legal in the United States; it has been lawful since 1973 with the Supreme Court verdict of Roe v Wade, that ruledShow MoreRelatedMy Body, My Choice1509 Words   |  7 PagesMy Body, My Choice Abortion, the controversial issue that has been in American society for years, the process of removing a fertilized egg from the mother’s uterus in order to terminate a pregnancy. 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I would describe mindfulness, as a way of life that is peacefully perceptive, deprived of the stimulus of cravings or viewpoints. That is how I behave in the studio. I dominate my rational brain with technical focuses so that it stays occupied. As I am engaged with technique a fragment of myself is allowed to observe unrestricted by my thought process. It is that openness that truly enlightens my work. My new body of work isRead MoreSpeech On My Body Language1113 Words   |  5 PagesTime Celebration/Struggle/Question: Claim about teaching 3 minutes and 20 seconds Struggle: My body language at this point in the video shows me being nervous, by rubbing my arm. Teaching is not as easy as people say. Everything needs to be planned and sometimes not all plans works out. 4 minutes Celebration: I remembered to praise the students that followed direction. 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This wasnt my first time, and I knew it wouldnt be the last. In fact, I was getting work done on an existing piece of skin art on my back. The artist was a formally trained commercial artist and a very close friend. We had worked for over a year on this particular piece. I was ready. My body tensed, awaiting the machine on my skin. He asked, Ready? I just nodded my head. Its never what you think it will be. The machine touched my skin. My body immediately felt the bloodRead MoreMy Study On My Body Alignment While Sitting982 Words   |  4 Pages I started my project and research by picking some research and learning goals. I decided I wanted to investigate what my own patterns of tensions were, how to release them, the relationship to the way I sit and neck tension and alignment, and what in particular causes this type of tension for me. My original hypothesis was â€Å"I would like to study my body alignment while sitting, specifically in my upper back between my two scapula and my neck. I want to study this alignment by actively journalingRead MoreNike’s â€Å"My body† Campaign Essay1426 Words   |  6 PagesBeautiful Woman â€Å"If you have a body, you are an athlete,† said Bill Bowerman. (Nike.com) In the world of advertising, the mass media provides images of the right men and attractive women and attempts hereby to impose the ideal image in the minds of society. By showing Nike’s strategy involving transforming traditional patriarchal images and stories into images of female authority that are socially acceptable to its intended consumers. These pictures of Nike’s â€Å"My body† campaign in 1995 looks into what

HEALTH PROMOTION AND THE DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH Free Essay Example, 1000 words

Nurses play a fundamental role in health promotion; their role branches out to caring for fit people, as well as the ill (Mikkonen education, as well as availability to the clients, has proven effective. Long-term relation with mothers by working even in their homes has encouraged mothers to take advantage of their strength and achieve their goals (Public Health Agency of Canada, 2010). Nurses act as advisers to mothers from child birth to parenthood (Hartford, 2012). Their support, through deliverance of healthy babies to becoming confident parents and encouragement to pursue a better future for themselves and their children, has proven most effective. Such roles manifest themselves like: Helping mothers practice preventive health procedures and good parental skills. These include diet improvement and reduction of stimuli and other drugs for instance tobacco, alcohol among others. We will write a custom essay sample on HEALTH PROMOTION AND THE DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH or any topic s pecifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Moreover, such roles help the mother to be prepared emotionally during delivery and nurturing of the baby. Provision of awareness of specific child development skills through education and better ways of child care for the child and the mother, as well as encouragement to use more cuddly techniques rather than harsh methods. Through coaching of the family and mothers to be self reliant and encourage them to be visionaries helps the plan for future pregnancy, manage employment as well as pursue academic avenues. Everyday interaction of nurses with clients can be an educational platform where health promotion can be done (Hartford, 2012). An example is in a situation where a cancer patient being nursed a wound is informed of ways of treating the cancer through therapy and other forms of treatment. A different scenario is if the mother has brought the child for vaccination, then the nurse can use such an opportunity to explain to the parent better feed ing practices for the child as well as best vitamin supplements for the child. Such acts promote health significantly. Nurses believe that they promote health all through their profession. That is what they advise patients whenever they encounter with them (Kozier, 2009). However, even though a lot of nurses are available to promote health, the determining factor in effective health promotion is narrowed to the individuals where their knowledge is necessary.

Essay on Animal Farm by George Orwell - 1117 Words

Orwell deals with the problem of rhetoric in ’Animal Farm’ by demonstrating how language can cause corruption. There are many characters in his book ‘Animal Farm’ that use rhetoric to convince and manipulate, however, the most talented persuasive speaker is Squealer. Squealer’s ability to use rhetoric is unrivalled, this is the reason Napoleon rises to power. Squealer uses the power in language to distort the truth in his speeches. When Napoleon wanted a problem fixed he would simply ask Squealer to talk to the animals and the animals would believe and be on board with whatever he said. Squealer uses many persuasive techniques such as rhetorical questions, inclusive language and exaggeration, but most of all he uses rhetoric. Rhetoric,†¦show more content†¦He had no persuasive power but he had fear. Later in the book to justify what he did to Snowball he employed Squealer to make Snowball look like a bad guy which in doing so inferred that N apoleon was the good guy. Once again Squealer uses the power of language to distort the truth and use persuasive rhetorical questions that the animals can only agree with.† Surely, comrades, you do not want Jones back?†, he persuaded the animals to believe that Snowball was plotting to get Mr. Jones back in control by double crossing them at the battle of the cowshed. He made the animals believe that Snowball was evil from the start and even though at first the animals did not believe it, they quickly disregarded their shared thoughts just because they were told to do so by a pig. Benjamin, the donkey sees straight through this but never bothers to tell anyone. When an animal said that Snowball did in fact fight well in the battle of the cowshed Squealer was quick to say that it had all been staged and they all believed it. This demonstrates the gullibility of the animals. The animals are easy targets for Squealer and the pigs as they are uneducated, ignorant and gullible. They are easily convinced and controlled. It only takes a couple of swift words from Squealer and you will have almost all the animals on board and agreeing with him. An extra comment here and there and he would have all the animalsShow MoreRelatedAnimal Farm And George Orwell By George Orwell1034 Words   |  5 Pages Eric Arthur Blair, under the pseudonym of George Orwell, composed many novels in his lifetime that were considered both politically rebellious and socially incorrect. Working on the dream since childhood, Orwell would finally gain notoriety as an author with his 1945 novel Animal Farm, which drew on personal experiences and deeply rooted fear to satirically critique Russian communism during its expansion. Noticing the impact he made, he next took to writing the novel 1984, which similarly criticizedRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell1397 Words   |  6 PagesAn important quote by the influential author of Animal Farm, George Orwell, is, â€Å"Every line of serious work that I have written since 1936 has been written, directly or indirectly, against totalitarianism.† George Orwell, a Democratic Socialist, wrote the book Animal Farm as an attack on the Communist country of Russia (â€Å"The Political Ideas of George Orwell,† worldsocialism.org). He had a very strong disliking of Communism and the Socialist party of Russia. However, he insisted on finding the truthRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1545 Words   |  7 Pagesallow because an this elite institution of people often use this gear to dominate and oppress society. In George Orwell’s story, Animal Farm, Orwell demonstrates that education is a powerful weapon and is a device that can be used to at least one’s benefit. Living in a world where strength is a straightforward to benefit, the pigs quick use education to govern the relaxation of the animals on the farm to serve themselves worked to their advantage. This story in shows the underlying message that   firstRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell944 Words   |  4 Pageslegs(Orwell 132). He carried a whip in his trotter(Orwell 133). In the novel Animal Farm by George Orwell, animals have the ability to talk and form their own ethos, Animalism. Animal Farm is an intriguing allegory by George Orwell, who is also th e author of 1984, includes many enjoyable elements. More knowledge of the author, his use of allegorical elements, themes, symbols, and the significance in the real world, allows the reader to get more out of this glance into the future. George OrwellRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell876 Words   |  4 Pagesrebellious animals think no man means freedom and happiness, but they need to think again. The animals of Manor Farm rebel against the farm owner, Mr. Jones, and name it Animal Farm. The animals create Animalism, with seven commandments. As everything seems going well, two of the animals get into a rivalry, and things start changing. Food starts disappearing and commandments are changed, and the power begins to shift. Father of dystopian genre, George Orwell writes an interesting allegory, Animal FarmRead MoreAnimal Farm by George Orwell1100 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Widely acknowledged as a powerful allegory, the 1945 novella Animal Farm, conceived from the satirical mind of acclaimed author George Orwell, is a harrowing fable of a fictional dystopia that critiques the socialist philosophy of Stalin in terms of his leadership of the Soviet Union. 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Black House Chapter Twenty-six Free Essays

string(39) " The head switches back the other way\." 26 WE HAVE HAD our little conversation about slippage, and it’s too late in the game to belabor the point more than a little, but wouldn’t you say that most houses are an attempt to hold slippage back? To impose at least the illusion of normality and sanity on the world? Think of Libertyville, with its corny but endearing street names Camelot and Avalon and Maid Marian Way. And think of that sweet little honey of a home in Libertyville where Fred, Judy, and Tyler Marshall once lived together. What else would you call 16 Robin Hood Lane but an ode to the everyday, a paean to the prosaic? We could say the same thing about Dale Gilbertson’s home, or Jack’s, or Henry’s, couldn’t we? Most of the homes in the vicinity of French Landing, really. We will write a custom essay sample on Black House Chapter Twenty-six or any similar topic only for you Order Now The destructive hurricane that has blown through the town doesn’t change the fact that the homes stand as brave bulwarks against slippage, as noble as they are humble. They are places of sanity. Black House like Shirley Jackson’s Hill House, like the turn-of-the-century monstrosity in Seattle known as Rose Red is not sane. It is not entirely of this world. It’s hard to look at from the outside the eyes play continual tricks but if one can hold it steady for a few seconds, one sees a three-story dwelling of perfectly ordinary size. The color is unusual, yes that dead black exterior, even the windows swabbed black and it has a crouching, leaning aspect that would raise uneasy thoughts about its structural integrity, but if one could appraise it with the glammer of those other worlds stripped away, it would look almost as ordinary as Fred and Judy’s place . . . if not so well maintained. Inside, however, it is different. Inside, Black House is large. Black House is, in fact, almost infinite. Certainly it is no place to get lost, although from time to time people have hoboes and the occasional unfortunate runaway child, as well as Charles Burnside/Carl Bierstone’s victims and relics here and there mark their passing: bits of clothing, pitiful scratchings on the walls of gigantic rooms with strange dimensions, the occasional heap of bones. Here and there the visitor may see a skull, such as the ones that washed up on the banks of the Hanover River during Fritz Haarman’s reign of terror in the early 1920s. This is not a place where you want to get lost. Let us pass through rooms and nooks and corridors and crannies, safe in the knowledge that we can return to the outside world, the sane anti-slippage world, anytime we want (and yet we are still uneasy as we pass down flights of stairs that seem all but endless and along corridors that dwindle to a point in the distance). We hear an eternal low humming and the faint clash of weird machinery. We hear the idiot whistle of a constant wind either outside or on the floors above and below us. Sometimes we hear a faint, houndly barking that is undoubtedly the abbalah’s devil dog, the one that did for poor old Mouse. Sometimes we hear the sardonic caw of a crow and understand that Gorg is here, too somewhere. We pass through rooms of ruin and rooms that are still furnished with a pale and rotten grandeur. Many of these are surely bigger than the whole house in which they hide. And eventually we come to a humble sitting room furnished with an elderly horsehair sofa and chairs of fading red velvet. There is a smell of noisome cooking in the air. (Somewhere close by is a kitchen we must never visit . . . not, that is, if we ever wish to sleep without nightmares again.) The electrical fixtures in here are at least seventy years old. How can that be, we ask, if Black House was built in the 1970s? The answer is simple: much of Black House most of Black House has been here much longer. The draperies in this room are heavy and faded. Except for the yellowed news clippings that have been taped to the ugly green wallpaper, it is a room that would not be out of place on the ground floor of the Nelson Hotel. It’s a place that is simultaneously sinister and oddly banal, a fitting mirror for t he imagination of the old monster who has gone to earth here, who lies sleeping on the horsehair sofa with the front of his shirt turning a sinister red. Black House is not his, although in his pathological grandiosity he believes differently (and Mr. Munshun has not disabused him of this belief ). This one room, however, is. The clippings around him tell us all we need to know of Charles â€Å"Chummy† Burnside’s lethal fascinations. YES, I ATE HER, FISH DECLARES: New York Herald Tribune BILLY GAFFNEY PLAYMATE AVERS â€Å"IT WAS THE GRAY MAN TOOK BILLY, IT WAS THE BOGEYMAN†: New York World Telegram GRACE BUDD HORROR CONTINUES: FISH CONFESSES!: Long Island Star FISH ADMITS â€Å"ROASTING, EATING† WM GAFFNEY: New York American FRITZ HAARMAN, SO-CALLED â€Å"BUTCHER OF HANOVER,† EXECUTED FOR MURDER OF 24: New York World WEREWOLF DECLARES: â€Å"I WAS DRIVEN BY LOVE, NOT LUST.† HAARMAN DIES UNREPENTANT: The Guardian CANNIBAL OF HANOVER’S LAST LETTER: â€Å"YOU CANNOT KILL ME, I SHALL BE AMONG YOU FOR ETERNITY†: New York World Wendell Green would love this stuff, would he not? And there are more. God help us, there are so many more. Even Jeffrey Dahmer is here, declaring I WANTED ZOMBIES. The figure on the couch begins to groan and stir. â€Å"Way-gup, Burny!† This seems to come from thin air, not his mouth . . . although his lips move, like those of a second-rate ventriloquist. Burny groans. His head turns to the left. â€Å"No . . . need to sleep. Everything . . . hurts.† The head turns to the right in a gesture of negation and Mr. Munshun speaks again. â€Å"Way-gup, dey vill be gummink. You must move der buu-uoy.† The head switches back the other way. Sleeping, Burny thinks Mr. Munshun is still safe inside his head. He has forgotten things are different here in Black House. Foolish Burny, now nearing the end of his usefulness! But not quite there yet. â€Å"Can’t . . . lea’ me ‘lone . . . stomach hurts . . . the blind man . . . fucking blind man hurt my stomach . . .† But the head turns back the other way and the voice speaks again from the air beside Burny’s right ear. Burny fights it, not wanting to wake and face the full ferocious impact of the pain. The blind man has hurt him much worse than he thought at the time, in the heat of the moment. Burny insists to the nagging voice that the boy is safe where he is, that they’ll never find him even if they can gain access to Black House, that they will become lost in its unknown depth of rooms and hallways and wander until they first go mad and then die. Mr. Munshun, however, knows that one of them is different from any of the others who have happened on this place. Jack Sawyer is acquainted with the infinite, and that makes him a problem. The boy must be taken out the back way and into End-World, into the very shadow of Din-tah, the great furnace. Mr. Munshun tells Burny that he may still be able to have some of the boy before turning him over to the abbalah, but not here. Too dangerou s. Sorry. Burny continues to protest, but this is a battle he will not win, and we know it. Already the stale, cooked-meat air of the room has begun to shift and swirl as the owner of the voice arrives. We see first a whirlpool of black, then a splotch of red an ascot and then the beginnings of an impossibly long white face, which is dominated by a single black shark’s eye. This is the real Mr. Munshun, the creature who can only live in Burny’s head outside of Black House and its enchanted environs. Soon he will be entirely here, he will pull Burny into wakefulness (torture him into wakefulness, if necessary), and he will put Burny to use while there is still use to be gotten from him. For Mr. Munshun cannot move Ty from his cell in the Black House. Once he is in End-World Burny’s Sheol things will be different. At last Burny’s eyes open. His gnarled hands, which have spilled so much blood, now reach down to feel the dampness of his own blood seeping through his shirt. He looks, sees what has bloomed there, and lets out a scream of horror and cowardice. It does not strike him as just that, after murdering so many children, he should have been mortally wounded by a blind man; it strikes him as hideous, unfair. For the first time he is visited by an extremely unpleasant idea: What if there’s more to pay for the things he has done over the course of his long career? He has seen End-World; he has seen Conger Road, which winds through it to Din-tah. The blasted, burning landscape surrounding Conger Road is like hell, and surely An-tak, the Big Combination, is hell itself. What if such a place waits for him? What if There’s a horrible, paralyzing pain in his guts. Mr. Munshun, now almost fully materialized, has reached out and twisted one smoky, not-quite-transparent hand in the wound Henry inflicted with his switchblade knife. Burny squeals. Tears run down the old child-murderer’s cheeks. â€Å"Don’t hurt me!† â€Å"Zen do ass I zay.† â€Å"I can’t,† Burny snivels. â€Å"I’m dying. Look at all the blood! Do you think I can get past something like this? I’m eighty-five fucking years old!† â€Å"Duff brayyg, Burn-Burn . . . but dere are zose on z’osser zide who could hill you off your wunds.† Mr. Munshun, like Black House itself, is hard to look at. He shivers in and out of focus. Sometimes that hideously long face (it obscures most of his body, like the bloated head of a caricature on some newspaper’s op-ed page) has two eyes, sometimes just one. Sometimes there seem to be tufted snarls of orange hair leaping up from his distended skull, and sometimes Mr. Munshun appears to be as bald as Yul Brynner. Only the red lips and the fangy pointed teeth that lurk inside them remain fairly constant. Burny eyes his accomplice with a degree of hope. His hands, meanwhile, continue to explore his stomach, which is now hard and bloated with lumps. He suspects the lumps are clots. Oh, that someone should have hurt him so badly! That wasn’t supposed to happen! That was never supposed to happen! He was supposed to be protected! He was supposed to â€Å"It iss not even peeyond ze realm of bossibility,† Mr. Munshun says, â€Å"zat ze yearz could be rawled avey vrum you jusst as ze stunn vas rawled avey from ze mouse of Cheezus Chrizze’s doom.† â€Å"To be young again,† Burny says, and exhales a low, harsh sigh. His breath stinks of blood and spoilage. â€Å"Yes, I’d like that.† â€Å"Of gorse! And soch zings are bossible,† Mr. Munshun says, nodding his grotesquely unstable face. â€Å"Soch gifts are ze abbalah’s to giff. But zey are not bromised, Charles, my liddle munching munchkin. But I can make you one bromise.† The creature in the black evening suit and red ascot leaps forward with dreadful agility. His long-fingered hand darts again into Chummy Burnside’s shirt, this time clenches into a fist, and produces a pain beyond any the old monster has ever dreamed of in his own life . . . although he has inflicted this and more on the innocent. Mr. Munshun’s reeking countenance pushes up to Burny’s. The single eye glares. â€Å"Do you feel dat, Burny? Do you, you mizz-er-a-ble old bag of dirt and zorrow? Ho-ho, ha-ha, of gorse you do! It iss your in-destines I haff in my hand! Und if you do not mooff now, schweinhund, I vill rip dem from your bledding body, ho-ho, ha-ha, und vrap dem arund your neg! You vill die knowing you are choking on your own gudz! A trick I learned from Fritz himzelf, Fritz Haarman, who vas so yunk und loff-ly! Now! Vat do you say? Vill you brink him, or vill you choke?† â€Å"I’ll bring him!† Burny screams. â€Å"I’ll bring him, only stop, stop, you’re tearing me apart!† â€Å"Brink him to ze station. Ze station, Burn-Burn. Dis one iz nodd for ze radhulls, de fogzhulls not for ze Com-bin-ay-shun. No bledding foodzies for Dyler; he works for his abbalah vid dis.† A long finger tipped with a brutal black nail goes to the huge forehead and taps it above the eyes (for the moment Burny sees two of them, and then the second is once more gone). â€Å"Understand?† â€Å"Yes! Yes!† His guts are on fire. And still the hand in his shirt twists and twists. The terrible highway of Mr. Munshun’s face hangs before him. â€Å"Ze station where you brought the other sbecial ones.† â€Å"YES!† Mr. Munshun lets go. He steps back. Mercifully for Burny, he is beginning to grow insubstantial again, to discorporate. Yellowed clippings swim into view not behind him but through him. Yet the single eye hangs in the air above the paling blotch of the ascot. â€Å"Mayg zure he vears za cab. Ziss one ezbeshully must wear za cab.† Burnside nods eagerly. He still smells faintly of My Sin perfume. â€Å"The cap, yes, I have the cap.† â€Å"Be gare-ful, Burny. You are old und hurt. Ze bouy is young und desberate. Flitt of foot. If you let him get avey â€Å" In spite of the pain, Burny smiles. One of the children getting away from him! Even one of the special ones! What an idea! â€Å"Don’t worry,† he says. â€Å"Just . . . if you speak to him . . . to Abbalah-doon . . . tell him I’m not past it yet. If he makes me better, he won’t regret it. And if he makes me young again, I’ll bring him a thousand young. A thousand Breakers.† Fading and fading. Now Mr. Munshun is again just a glow, a milky disturbance on the air of Burny’s sitting room deep in the house he abandoned only when he realized he really did need someone to take care of him in his sunset years. â€Å"Bring him just dis vun, Burn-Burn. Bring him just dis vun, und you vill be revarded.† Mr. Munshun is gone. Burny stands and bends over the horsehair sofa. Doing it squeezes his belly, and the resulting pain makes him scream, but he doesn’t stop. He reaches into the darkness and pulls out a battered black leather sack. He grasps its top and leaves the room, limping and clutching at his bleeding, distended belly. And what of Tyler Marshall, who has existed through most of these many pages as little more than a rumor? How badly has he been hurt? How frightened is he? Has he managed to retain his sanity? As to his physical condition, he’s got a concussion, but that’s already healing. The Fisherman has otherwise done no more than stroke his arm and his buttocks (a creepy touch that made Tyler think of the witch in â€Å"Hansel and Gretel†). Mentally . . . would you be shocked to hear that, while Mr. Munshun is goading Burny onward, Fred and Judy’s boy is happy? He is. He is happy. And why not? He’s at Miller Park. The Milwaukee Brewers have confounded all the pundits this year, all the doomsayers who proclaimed they’d be in the cellar by July Fourth. Well, it’s still relatively early, but the Fourth has come and gone and the Brew Crew has returned to Miller tied for first place with Cincinnati. They are in the hunt, in large part due to the bat of Richie Sexson, who came over to Milwaukee from the Cleveland Indians and who has been â€Å"really pickin’ taters,† in the pungent terminology of George Rathbun. They are in the hunt, and Ty is at the game! EXCELLENT! Not only is he there, he’s got a front-row seat. Next to him big, sweating, red-faced, a Kingsland beer in one hand and another tucked away beneath his seat for emergencies is the Gorgeous George himself, bellowing at the top of his leather lungs. Jeromy Burnitz of the Crew has just been called out at first on a bang-bang play, and while there can be no doubt that the Cincinnati shortstop handled the ball well and got rid of it fast, there can also be no doubt (at least not in George Rathbun’s mind) that Burnitz was safe! He rises in the twilight, his sweaty bald pate glowing beneath a sweetly lavender sky, a foamy rill of beer rolling up one cocked forearm, his blue eyes twinkling (you can tell he sees a lot with those eyes, just about everything), and Ty waits for it, they all wait for it, and here it is, that avatar of summer in the Coulee Country, that wonderful bray that means everything is okay, terror has been denied, and slippage has been canceled. â€Å"COME ON, UMP, GIVE US A BREAK! GIVE US A FREEEEAKIN’ BRAYYYYK! EVEN A BLIND MAN COULD SEE HE WAS SAFE!† The crowd on the first-base side goes wild at the sound of that cry, none wilder than the fourteen or so people sitting behind the banner reading MILLER PARK WELCOMES GEORGE RATHBUN AND THE WINNERS OF THIS YEAR’S KDCU BREWER BASH. Ty is jumping up and down, laughing, waving his Brew Crew hat. What makes this doubly boss is that he thought he forgot to enter the contest this year. He guesses his father (or perhaps his mother) entered it for him . . . and he won! Not the grand prize, which was getting to be the Brew Crew’s batboy for the entire Cincinnati series, but what he got (besides this excellent seat with the other winners, that is) is, in his opinion, even better. Of course Richie Sexson isn’t Mark McGwire nobody can hit the tar out of the ball like Big Mac but Sexson has been awesome for the Brewers this year, just awesome, and Tyler Marshall has won Someone is shaking his foot. Ty attempts to pull away, not wanting to lose this dream (this most excellent refuge from the horror that has befallen him), but the hand is relentless. It shakes. It shakes and shakes. â€Å"Way-gup,† a voice snarls, and the dream begins to darken. George Rathbun turns to Ty, and the boy sees an amazing thing: the eyes that were such a shrewd, sharp blue only a few seconds ago have gone dull and milky. Cripe, he’s blind, Ty thinks. George Rathbun really is a â€Å"Way-gup,† the growling voice says. It’s closer now. In a moment the dream will wink out entirely. Before it does, George speaks to him. The voice is quiet, totally unlike the sportscaster’s usual brash bellow. â€Å"Help’s on the way,† he says. â€Å"So be cool, you little cat. Be â€Å" â€Å"Way-GUP, you shit!† The grip on his ankle is crushing, paralyzing. With a cry of protest, Ty opens his eyes. This is how he rejoins the world, and our tale. He remembers where he is immediately. It’s a cell with reddish-gray iron bars halfway along a stone corridor lit with cobwebby electric bulbs. There’s a dish of some sort of stew in one corner. In the other is a bucket in which he is supposed to pee (or take a dump if he has to so far he hasn’t, thank goodness). The only other thing in the room is a raggedy old futon from which Burny has just dragged him. â€Å"All right,† Burny says. â€Å"Awake at last. That’s good. Now get up. On your feet, asswipe. I don’t have time to fuck with you.† Tyler gets up. A wave of dizziness rolls through him and he puts his hand to the top of his head. There is a spongy, crusted place there. Touching it sends a bolt of pain all the way down to his jaws, which clench. But it also drives the dizziness away. He looks at his hand. There are flakes of scab and dried blood on his palm. That’s where he hit me with his damned rock. Any harder, and I would have been playing a harp. But the old man has been hurt somehow, too. His shirt is covered with blood; his wrinkled ogre’s face is waxy and pallid. Behind him, the cell door is open. Ty measures the distance to the hallway, hoping he’s not being too obvious about it. But Burny has been in this game a long time. He has had more than one liddle one dry to esscabe on hiz bledding foodzies, oh ho. He reaches into his bag and brings out a black gadget with a pistol grip and a stainless steel nozzle at the tip. â€Å"Know what this is, Tyler?† Burny asks. â€Å"Taser,† Ty says. â€Å"Isn’t it?† Burny grins, revealing the stumps of his teeth. â€Å"Smart boy! A TV-watching boy, I’ll be bound. It’s a Taser, yes. But a special type it’ll drop a cow at thirty yards. Understand? You try to run, boy, I’ll bring you down like a ton of bricks. Come out here.† Ty steps out of the cell. He has no idea where this horrible old man means to take him, but there’s a certain relief just in being free of the cell. The futon was the worst. He knows, somehow, that he hasn’t been the only kid to cry himself to sleep on it with an aching heart and an aching, lumpy head, nor the tenth. Nor, probably, the fiftieth. â€Å"Turn to your left.† Ty does. Now the old man is behind him. A moment later, he feels the bony fingers grip the right cheek of his bottom. It’s not the first time the old man has done this (each time it happens he’s reminded again of the witch in â€Å"Hansel and Gretel,† asking the lost children to stick their arms out of their cage), but this time his touch is different. Weaker. Die soon, Ty thinks, and the thought its cold collectedness is very, very Judy. Die soon, old man, so I don’t have to. â€Å"This one is mine,† the old man says . . . but he sounds out of breath, no longer quite sure of himself. â€Å"I’ll bake half, fry the rest. With bacon.† â€Å"I don’t think you’ll be able to eat much,† Ty says, surprised at the calmness of his own voice. â€Å"Looks like somebody ventilated your stomach pretty g â€Å" There is a crackling, accompanied by a hideous, jittery burning sensation in his left shoulder. Ty screams and staggers against the wall across the corridor from his cell, trying to clutch the wounded place, trying not to cry, trying to hold on to just a little of his beautiful dream about being at the game with George Rathbun and the other KDCU Brewer Bash winners. He knows he actually did forget to enter this year, but in dreams such things don’t matter. That’s what’s so beautiful about them. Oh, but it hurts so bad. And despite all his efforts all the Judy Marshall in him the tears begin to flow. â€Å"You want another un?† the old man gasps. He sounds both sick and hysterical, and even a kid Ty’s age knows that’s a dangerous combination. â€Å"You want another un, just for good luck?† â€Å"No,† Ty gasps. â€Å"Don’t zap me again, please don’t.† â€Å"Then start walkin’! And no more smart goddamn remarks!† Ty starts to walk. Somewhere he can hear water dripping. Somewhere, very faint, he can hear the laughing caw of a crow probably the same one that tricked him, and how he’d like to have Ebbie’s .22 and blow its evil shiny black feathers off. The outside world seems light-years away. But George Rathbun told him help was on the way, and sometimes the things you heard in dreams came true. His very own mother told him that once, and long before she started to go all wonky in the head, too. They come to a stairway that seems to circle down forever. Up from the depths comes a smell of sulfur and a roast of heat. Faintly he can hear what might be screams and moans. The clank of machinery is louder. There are ominous creaking sounds that might be belts and chains. Ty pauses, thinking the old guy won’t zap him again unless he absolutely has to. Because Ty might fall down this long circular staircase. Might hit the place on his head the old guy already clipped with the rock, or break his neck, or tumble right off the side. And the old guy wants him alive, at least for now. Ty doesn’t know why, but he knows this intuition is true. â€Å"Where are we going, mister?† â€Å"You’ll find out,† Burny says in his tight, out-of-breath voice. â€Å"And if you think I don’t dare zap you while we’re on the stairs, my little friend, you’re very mistaken. Now get walking.† Tyler Marshall starts down the stairs, descending past vast galleries and balconies, around and down, around and down. Sometimes the air smells of putrid cabbage. Sometimes it smells of burned candles. Sometimes of wet rot. He counts a hundred and fifty steps, then stops counting. His thighs are burning. Behind him, the old man is gasping, and twice he stumbles, cursing and holding the ancient banister. Fall, old man, Ty chants inside his head. Fall and die, fall and die. But at last they are at the bottom. They arrive in a circular room with a dirty glass ceiling. Above them, gray sky hangs down like a filthy bag. There are plants oozing out of broken pots, sending greedy feelers across a floor of broken orange bricks. Ahead of them, two doors French doors, Ty thinks they are called stand open. Beyond them is a crumbling patio surrounded by ancient trees. Some are palms. Some the ones with the hanging, ropy vines might be banyans. Others he doesn’t know. One thing he’s sure of: they are no longer in Wisconsin. Standing on the patio is an object he knows very well. Something from his own world. Tyler Marshall’s eyes well up again at the sight of it, which is almost like the sight of a face from home in a hopelessly foreign place. â€Å"Stop, monkey-boy.† The old man sounds out of breath. â€Å"Turn around.† When Tyler does, he’s pleased to see that the blotch on the old man’s shirt has spread even farther. Fingers of blood now stretch all the way to his shoulders, and the waistband of his baggy old blue jeans has gone a muddy black. But the hand holding the Taser is rock-steady. God damn you, Tyler thinks. God damn you to hell. The old man has put his bag on a little table. He simply stands where he is for a moment, getting his breath. Then he rummages in the bag (something in there utters a faint metallic clink) and brings out a soft brown cap. It’s the kind guys like Sean Connery sometimes wear in the movies. The old man holds it out. â€Å"Put it on. And if you try to grab my hand, I’ll zap you.† Tyler takes the cap. His fingers, expecting the texture of suede, are surprised by something metallic, almost like tinfoil. He feels an unpleasant buzzing in his hand, like a mild version of the Taser’s jolt. He looks at the old man pleadingly. â€Å"Do I have to?† Burny raises the Taser and bares his teeth in a silent grin. Reluctantly, Ty puts the cap on. This time the buzzing fills his head. For a moment he can’t think . . . and then the feeling passes, leaving him with an odd sense of weakness in his muscles and a throbbing at his temples. â€Å"Special boys need special toys,† Burny says, and it comes out sbecial boyz, sbecial toyz. As always, Mr. Munshun’s ridiculous accent has rubbed off a little, thickening that touch of South Chicago Henry detected on the 911 tape. â€Å"Now we can go out.† Because with the cap on, I’m safe, Ty thinks, but the idea breaks up and drifts away almost as soon as it comes. He tries to think of his middle name and realizes he can’t. He tries to think of the bad crow’s name and can’t get that, either was it something like Corgi? No, that’s a kind of dog. The cap is messing him up, he realizes, and that’s what it’s supposed to do. Now they pass through the open doors and onto the patio. The air is redolent with the smell of the trees and bushes that surround the back side of Black House, a smell that is heavy and cloying. Fleshy, somehow. The gray sky seems almost low enough to touch. Ty can smell sulfur and something bitter and electric and juicy. The sound of machinery is much louder out here. The thing Ty recognized sitting on the broken bricks is an E-Z-Go golf cart. The Tiger Woods model. â€Å"My dad sells these,† Ty says. â€Å"At Goltz’s, where he works.† â€Å"Where do you think it came from, asswipe? Get in. Behind the wheel.† Ty looks at him, amazed. His blue eyes, perhaps thanks to the effects of the cap, have grown bloodshot and rather confused. â€Å"I’m not old enough to drive.† â€Å"Oh, you’ll be fine. A baby could drive this baby. Behind the wheel.† Ty does as he is told. In truth, he has driven one of these in the lot at Goltz’s, with his father sitting watchfully beside him in the passenger seat. Now the hideous old man is easing himself into that same place, groaning and holding his perforated midsection. The Taser is in the other hand, however, and the steel tip remains pointed at Ty. The key is in the ignition. Ty turns it. There’s a click from the battery beneath them. The dashboard light reading CHARGE glows bright green. Now all he has to do is push the accelerator pedal. And steer, of course. â€Å"Good so far,† the old man says. He takes his right hand off his middle and points with a bloodstained finger. Ty sees a path of discolored gravel once, before the trees and underbrush encroached, it was probably a driveway leading away from the house. â€Å"Now go. And go slow. Speed and I’ll zap you. Try to crash us and I’ll break your wrist for you. Then you can drive one-handed.† Ty pushes down on the accelerator. The golf cart jerks forward. The old man lurches, curses, and waves the Taser threateningly. â€Å"It would be easier if I could take off the cap,† Ty says. â€Å"Please, I’m pretty sure that if you’d just let me â€Å" â€Å"No! Cap stays! Drive!† Ty pushes down gently on the accelerator. The E-Z-Go rolls across the patio, its brand-new rubber tires crunching on broken shards of brick. There’s a bump as they leave the pavement and go rolling up the driveway. Heavy fronds they feel damp, sweaty brush Tyler’s arms. He cringes. The golf cart swerves. Burny jabs the Taser at the boy, snarling. â€Å"Next time you get the juice! It’s a promise!† A snake goes writhing across the overgrown gravel up ahead, and Ty utters a little scream through his clenched teeth. He doesn’t like snakes, didn’t even want to touch the harmless little corn snake Mrs. Locher brought to school, and this thing is the size of a python, with ruby eyes and fangs that prop its mouth open in a perpetual snarl. â€Å"Go! Drive!† The Taser, waving in his face. The cap, buzzing faintly in his ears. Behind his ears. The drive curves to the left. Some sort of tree burdened with what look like tentacles leans over them. The tips of the tentacles tickle across Ty’s shoulders and the goose-prickled, hair-on-end nape of his neck. Ourr boyy . . . He hears this in his head in spite of the cap. It’s faint, it’s distant, but it’s there. Ourrrrr boyyyyy . . . yesssss . . . ourrrrs . . . Burny is grinning. â€Å"Hear ’em, don’tcha? They like you. So do I. We’re all friends here, don’t you see?† The grin becomes a grimace. He clutches his bloody middle again. â€Å"Goddamned blind old fool!† he gasps. Then, suddenly, the trees are gone. The golf cart rolls out onto a sullen, crumbling plain. The bushes dwindle and Ty sees that farther along they give way entirely to a crumbled, rocky scree: hills rise and fall beneath that sullen gray sky. A few birds of enormous size wheel lazily. A shaggy, slump-shouldered creature staggers down a narrow defile and is gone from sight before Ty can see exactly what it is . . . not that he wanted to. The thud and pound of machinery is stronger, shaking the earth. The crump of pile drivers; the clash of ancient gears; the squall of cogs. Tyler can feel the golf cart’s steering wheel thrumming in his hands. Ahead of them the driveway ends in a wide road of beaten earth. Along the far side of it is a wall of round white stones. â€Å"That thing you hear, that’s the Crimson King’s power plant,† Burny says. He speaks with pride, but there is more than a tinge of fear beneath it. â€Å"The Big Combination. A million children have died on its belts, and a zillion more to come, for all I know. But that’s not for you, Tyler. You might have a future after all. First, though, I’ll have my piece of you. Yes indeed.† His blood-streaked hand reaches out and caresses the top of Ty’s buttock. â€Å"A good agent’s entitled to ten percent. Even an old buzzard like me knows that.† The hand draws back. Good thing. Ty has been on the verge of screaming, holding the sound back only by thinking of sitting at Miller Park with good old George Rathbun. If I’d really entered the Brewer Bash, he thinks, none of this would have happened. But he thinks that may not actually be true. Some things are meant to be, that’s all. Meant. He just hopes that what this horrible old creature wants is not one of them. â€Å"Turn left,† Burny grunts, settling back. â€Å"Three miles. Give or take.† And, as Tyler makes the turn, he realizes the ribbons of mist rising from the ground aren’t mist at all. They’re ribbons of smoke. â€Å"Sheol,† Burny says, as if reading his mind. â€Å"And this is the only way through it Conger Road. Get off it and there are things out there that’d pull you to pieces just to hear you scream. My friend told me where to take you, but there might be just a leedle change of plan.† His pain-wracked face takes on a sulky cast. Ty thinks it makes him look extraordinarily stupid. â€Å"He hurt me. Pulled my guts. I don’t trust him.† And, in a horrible child’s singsong: â€Å"Carl Bierstone don’t trust Mr. Munshun! Not no more! Not no more!† Ty says nothing. He concentrates on keeping the golf cart in the middle of Conger Road. He risks one look back, but the house, in its ephemeral wallow of tropical greenery, is gone, blocked from view by the first of the eroded hills. â€Å"He’ll have what’s his, but I’ll have what’s mine. Do you hear me, boy?† When Ty says nothing, Burny brandishes the Taser. â€Å"Do you hear me, you asswipe monkey?† â€Å"Yeah,† Ty says. â€Å"Yeah, sure.† Why don’t you die? God, if You’re there, why don’t You just reach down and put Your finger on his rotten heart and stop it from beating? When Burny speaks again, his voice is sly. â€Å"You looked at the wall on t’other side, but I don’t think you looked close enough. Better take another gander.† Tyler looks past the slumped old man. For a moment he doesn’t understand . . . and then he does. The big white stones stretching endlessly away along the far side of Conger Road aren’t stones at all. They’re skulls. What is this place? Oh God, how he wants his mother! How he wants to go home! Beginning to cry again, his brain numbed and buzzing beneath the cap that looks like cloth but isn’t, Ty pilots the golf cart deeper and deeper into the furnace-lands. Into Sheol. Rescue help of any kind has never seemed so far away. How to cite Black House Chapter Twenty-six, Essay examples